Special Economic Zone
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Special Economic Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Attempts to set up a Special Economic Zone in Nandigram have led to protests by ... Arg - e - Jadid Special Economic Zone: Vehicle Manufacturing Hub. ...
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Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia ...
... Province, and designated the entire province of Hainan a special economic zone. ... to turn Hainan Island into mainland China's biggest special economic zone ...
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Special Economic Zone
Special Economic Zone, IFEZ is the official site for the investment in special economic zone of Incheon ... The Incheon special economic zone in the north ...
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--:: SURAT SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE ::--
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A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. The category 'SEZ' covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others. Usually the goal of an SEZ structure is to increase foreign investment. One of the earliest and the most famous Special Economic Zones were founded by the government of the People's Republic of China under Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s. The most successful Special Economic Zone in China, Shenzhen, has developed from a small village into a city with a population over 10 million within 20 years. Following the Chinese examples, Special Economic Zones have been established in several countries, including Brazil, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Clark Special Economic Zone, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. Rason has also attempted this to a degree, but failed. Currently, Puno, Peru has been slated to become a "Zona Economica" by its president Alan Garcia. A single SEZ can contain multiple 'specific' zones within its boundaries. The two most prominent examples of this layered approach are Subic Bay in the Philippines and the Aqaba Special Economic Zone in Jordan.
According to World Bank estimates, as of 2007 there are more than 3,000 projects taking place in SEZs in 120 countries worldwide.
SEZs have been implemented using a variety of institutional structures across the world ranging from fully public (government operator, government developer, government regulator) to 'fully' private (private operator, private developer, public regulator). In many cases, public sector operators and developers act as quasi-government agencies in that they have a pseudo-corporate institutional structure and have budgetary autonomy. SEZs are often developed under a Public-Private-Partnership arrangement, in which the public sector provides some level of support (provision of off-site infrastructure, equity investment, soft loans, bond issues, etc) to enable a private sector developer to obtain a reasonable rate of return on the project (typically 10-20% depending on risk levels).
In South Asia In India Considering the need to enhance foreign investment and promote exports from the country and realising the need that a level playing field must be made available to the domestic enterprises and manufacturers to be competitive globally, The Government of India had in April 2000 announced the introduction of Special Economic Zones policy in the country, deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations, duties and tariffs. As of 2007, more than 500 SEZs have been proposed, 220 of which have been created. This has raised the concern of the World Bank, which questions the sustainability of such a large number of SEZs.The Special Economic Zones in India closely follow the People's Republic of China model.
List of SEZs in India The policy provides for setting up of SEZs in the public, private, joint sector or by State Governments. It was also envisaged that some of the existing Export Processing Zones would be converted into Special Economic Zones. Accordingly, the Government has converted Export Processing zones located at
- Kandla and Surat (Gujarat)
- Kochi, India (Kerala)
- Santa Cruz (Mumbai) (Mumbai–Maharashtra)
- Falta (West Bengal)
- Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
- Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)
- New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (Uttar Pradesh)
- Nanguneri and Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu)
Currently, India has 811 units in operations in 8 functional SEZs, each an average size of 200 acres. 8 Export Processing Zones (EPZs) have been converted into SEZs. These are fully functional. All these SEZs are in various parts of the country in the private/joint sectors or by the State Government. But this process of planning and development is under question, as the states in which the SEZs have been approved are facing intense protests, from the farming community, accusing the government of forcibly snatching fertile land from them, at heavily discounted prices as against the prevailing prices in the commercial real estate industry. Also some reputed companies like Bajaj and others have commented against this policy and have suggested using barren and wasteland for setting up of SEZs.
Attempts to set up a Special Economic Zone in Nandigram have led to Nandigram SEZ controversy in the area. A Parliamentary Committee to study and give recommendations on SEZs has said that no further SEZs be notified unless the existing law is amended to incorporate the changes related to the land acquisitions. {{cite news| url = http://www.andhranews.net/Business/2007/July/6-Parliamentary-panel-7184.asp| title = Parliamentary panel for no new SEZs until law is amended| publisher = AndhraNews.net-->
Genpact has announced its plans to expand its presence in Hyderabad by setting up a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) across 50 acres in the city at Jawahar Nagar.
In Pakistan Taking the example of the Chinese success with their SEZs, China is helping Pakistan develop the Haier-Ruba economic zone on the outskirts of Lahore.
Other economic zones include the China-Pakistan economic zone open only to Chinese investors and also the future crown jewel of Pakistan, Gwadar.
There are also talks of creating a Japanese city for foreign investors from Japan only.
There has also been new SEZ proposed on the currently under construction Sialkot-Lahore motorway, Qatar has proposed an investment for $1 billion in a new SEZ along the motorway.
There is also a new zone under construction in Faislababd, which will be the biggest industrial estate of Pakistan when complete, it has sections for each country and the first phrase is already complete with a special Chinese zone in it.
In the People's Republic of China The word "special" mainly means special economic systems and policies. In the People's Republic of China, the central government gives SEZs special policies and flexible measures, allowing SEZs to utilize a special economic management system.
SEZ are listed separately in the national planning (including financial planning) and have province-level authority on economic administration. SEZs local congress and government have legislation authority.
In Kazakhstan
- Astana
In Iran
- PetZone: Petrochemical special economic Zone, Mahshahr.
- Kish: Kish island special economic zone.
- Sarakhs
- Sirjan
- Bandar Anzali
In North Korea The Rajin-Sonbong Economic Special Zone was established under a United Nations economic development programme in 1994. Located on the bank of the Tuman River, the zone borders on the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (or, Yeonbyeon in Korean) of the People's Republic of China, as well as Russia. In 2000 the name of the area was shortened to Rason and became separate from the North Hamgyong.
In the Philippines Philippine economic zones (ecozones) are collections of industries, brought togethergeographically for the purpose of promoting economic development. Although designed tooperate separately from the political and economic milieu of surrounding communities,Philippine economic zones do in fact interact with their neighbors. There are 41 private-owned economic zones and 4 government owned economic zones in the Philippines. Of the 41 private economic zones, the biggest exporter is Gateway Business Park in General Trias, Cavite and the second biggest private ecozone is Laguna Technopark Inc. The four governmentally owned are Cavite Economic Zone, Bataan Economic Zone, Mactan Economic Zone and Baguio City Economic Zone. Thus it is a useful act for the growth of economic zone of the country.
List of SEZs in the Philippines
- Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority
- Clark Special Economic Zone
In Poland
- Kamiennogórska SSE
- Katowicka SSE
- Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE
- Krakowski Park Technologiczny
- Legnicka SSE
- Łódzka SSE
- SSE EURO-PARK MIELEC
- Słupska SSE
- SSE Starachowice
- Suwalska SSE
- Pomorska SSE
- Tarnobrzeska SSE
- Wałbrzyska SSE
- Warmińsko-Mazurska SSE
In Russia Techniquel/Innovational Zones
- Dubna
- Zelenograd
- Strelna, Noidorf () - industrial and business park in special economic zone in Strelna near Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tomsk
Industrial/developmental Zones
- Yelabuga
- Lipetsk
Touristical Zones
- Krasnodar Krai
- Stavropol Krai
- Kaliningrad Oblast
- Altai Krai
- Altai Republic
- Irkutsk Oblast
- Buryatia
In Ukraine
- Donetsk
- Mykolaiv
- Slavutych
- Zakarpattia Oblast
References External links
- Citizens' Research Collective on SEZ
- Regularly updated news about SEZs in India
- Russian Special Economic Zones
- PEZA Philippines
- Haryana Technology Park (HTP) - An approved SEZ located 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) from the Delhi - Faridabad border
- The New Maharajas of India
Falta Special Economic Zone
An export processing zone. Includes details of location, facilities, entitlements, and downloadable forms.
Special Economic Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. The category 'SEZ' covers a broad range ...
Shenzhen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. Owing to China's economic liberalization ...
News Wales > Community > Call to make Anglesey special economic zone
News Wales > Community > Call to make Anglesey special economic zone :: News Wales is a daily updated Welsh news resource covering the Principality. Search or browse the extensive ...
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Background note on Special Economic Zones in india. Introduction . India was one of the first in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) model in ...
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2006 Cochin Special Economic Zone (CSEZ), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India
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INDIA SEZ - SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE - NAVI MUMBAI
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